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India is dealing with a quiet crisis, not one caused by germs, but by obesity. Once thought to be a problem only in Western countries, obesity has become one of the top health issues in our own country, leading to early diabetes, high blood pressure, reproductive problems, and even cancer. The extent of this problem is immense, with children and young adults facing higher dangers. Specialists indicate that this issue goes beyond just looks or personal choices; it's a major health risk needing immediate action.
“Obesity is a health issue that impacts how the body uses energy, hormone levels, and overall health over time. It involves much more than just how someone appears,” states Dr. Raj Palaniappan, Director and Leading Surgeon at the Institute of Bariatrics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai. He points out that while Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used to assess weight, it doesn’t capture everything. “Many young women may have a ‘normal’ BMI but carry extra fat around their middle, which is active in metabolism and linked to insulin problems, PCOS, and fertility challenges,” he mentions. Findings from the Apollo Health of the Nation 2025 report heighten the urgency. Sixty-one percent of adults checked are considered obese, with 18% being overweight. Among students, 8% of those in primary grades and 28% in colleges are already dealing with obesity.
The types of people seeking help have changed. “Twenty years ago, most were older adults. Today, just 35% are from that age group. Obesity in those in their 20s and 30s has surged to nearly 25–30%,” says Dr. Palaniappan. The immediate effects are concerning. Now, 30% of individuals in their 20s and 30s are experiencing prediabetes, with type 2 diabetes occurring as young as 30. “Other health issues like high blood pressure, fatty liver disease, and hormonal issues are happening at younger ages. If we don’t address obesity, it can greatly reduce lifespan and quality of life,” he cautions. Obesity is not just about personal discipline. Factors such as genetics, hormonal changes, inadequate sleep, stress, medications, and gut health also contribute. “Diet and exercise only account for 30–35% of the risk,” says Dr. Palaniappan. “That’s why simply raising awareness isn’t sufficient. We need organized support and overall changes in the system.”
Today's approach to bariatrics encompasses more than just surgery. Innovative drug treatments, minimally invasive procedures, and lifestyle modifications are reshaping healthcare. “However, no treatment can substitute for the basics of living healthily,” remarks Dr. Palaniappan. “Without proper diet, exercise, and methods to manage stress, results won’t last.” Obesity has evolved into a collective issue. Changing the situation regarding obesity will require bravery, teamwork, and ongoing effort, but failing to act will be far more costly.
